Allergies are among the most common chronic diseases in industrialized countries. Whether it's hay fever, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, or asthma – many people are looking for natural ways to alleviate their symptoms. In this context, probiotics are increasingly attracting research and public attention. But what's the truth behind them? Can probiotics really help with allergies?
What are probiotics?
Probiotics are live microorganisms—usually bacteria—that, when consumed in sufficient quantities, have a positive effect on health. They are most commonly found in fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, or kimchi, but are also available in capsule form as dietary supplements.
Most probiotic strains belong to the genera Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , and Saccharomyces . Their function is to support the balance of the intestinal flora—the so-called microbiome —and thus strengthen the immune system.
Allergies and the immune system: What is the connection?
An allergy occurs when the immune system overreacts to harmless substances (e.g., pollen, house dust, or certain foods). This overreaction is often due to dysregulation of the immune system. This is where the microbiome comes into play:
The intestine is not only responsible for digestion but also a central immune organ. Approximately 70–80% of immune cells are located in the intestine. An imbalance in the intestinal flora—for example, due to antibiotics, poor nutrition, or stress—can disrupt the immune system and promote allergic reactions.
How can probiotics help with allergies?
Probiotics affect the immune system in several ways:
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Regulation of the immune response
Probiotics can dampen pro-inflammatory immune reactions and promote the formation of T regulatory cells . These cells help "calm" the immune system and prevent overreactions. -
Strengthening the intestinal barrier
A healthy intestinal wall prevents allergens from entering the bloodstream. Probiotics support the maintenance of this barrier function. -
Competition with harmful germs
They inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms that can promote inflammation. -
Influence on IgE antibody production
Some studies show that probiotics can reduce the formation of IgE antibodies typical of allergies.
What does research say?
The research is promising, but not yet consistent. Here's an overview:
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Hay fever : Probiotics (e.g. Lactobacillus paracasei LP-33 and GMNL-133) can reduce symptoms such as runny nose and itchy eyes.
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Neurodermatitis (atopic dermatitis) : Certain probiotic strains have a preventative effect, especially in infants, when administered early. Lactobacillus paracasei has also been used successfully here.
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Asthma : Initial studies suggest a possible reduction in the inflammatory response, but the data are still limited.
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Food allergies : Research is still in its early stages, but there is evidence that probiotics may promote the development of tolerance to allergens.
Probiotics in pregnancy and infancy
The development of intestinal flora in early childhood is crucial for later health. Studies show that administering probiotics during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as in the infant itself, can reduce the risk of developing allergies—particularly atopic dermatitis.
Use and selection of probiotics
Anyone who wants to use probiotics for allergies should consider the following:
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Strain specificity : Not every probiotic works the same. The effect depends on the specific bacterial strain (e.g., Lactobacillus rhamnosus LP-33).
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Combining several strains can often be more effective than individual preparations.
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Regular intake over several weeks is usually necessary to achieve an effect.
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Consultation with a doctor is particularly useful in cases of chronic illnesses or in children.
Conclusion: Natural support for the immune system
Probiotics represent a promising way to positively influence the immune system and alleviate allergic reactions. While not all mechanisms are fully understood and not all results are conclusive, many studies suggest that certain probiotic strains can be a useful addition to allergy treatment .
However, they do not replace medical therapy, but should be seen as a supportive measure – with the potential to restore balance in the body and gently regulate the immune system.
