What side effects does cetirizine have?

Cetirizine is one of the most commonly prescribed antihistamines for the treatment of allergies. It belongs to the second generation of antihistamines, known for their low drowsiness and rapid, long-lasting effects. Although cetirizine is generally well-tolerated, as with all medications, side effects can occur. In this article, we explain in detail what side effects are possible, how frequently they occur, and what sufferers should be aware of.

What is cetirizine?

Cetirizine is an antihistamine that is used particularly for the following conditions:

• Hay fever (allergic rhinitis)

• Hives (urticaria)

• Itching and rashes due to allergic reactions

It blocks the action of histamine, a chemical messenger released in the body during allergic reactions. This relieves symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, or skin rashes.

Common side effects

Although cetirizine is considered relatively safe, some people may experience side effects. The most common are:

1. Tiredness and drowsiness

   • Although cetirizine is less sedating than older antihistamines, some users report mild drowsiness.

   • Particular caution should be exercised when performing activities that require attention (e.g. driving a car or operating machinery).

2. Headache

   • Mild to moderate headaches occur in some patients.

   • This side effect is usually temporary and often disappears after a few days of taking the medication.

3. Gastrointestinal complaints

   • These include nausea, abdominal pain or diarrhea.

   • They occur relatively rarely and are usually mild.

4. dry mouth

   • Some patients complain of dry mouth, which is due to the anticholinergic effect.

Rare side effects

In rare cases, more serious side effects may occur that require medical attention:

• Cardiac arrhythmias : Very rare, usually in case of overdose or in combination with other medications.

• Allergic reactions to cetirizine : These include rash, itching, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, and difficulty breathing. In such cases, seek immediate medical attention.

• Liver dysfunction : Very rare, but possible. Symptoms may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice).

Interactions with other medications

Cetirizine can affect the action of other medicines and vice versa:

• Alcohol consumption : May increase the sedative effect.

• Other antihistamines or sedatives : May increase drowsiness or dizziness.

• Medicines for fungal infections or certain antibiotics : Rare interactions may increase the concentration of cetirizine in the blood.

Special precautions

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding : Cetirizine is considered relatively safe, but should only be taken after consulting a doctor.

• Children : Dosage depends on age and weight.

• Elderly : Caution in cases of impaired renal function, as cetirizine is excreted via the kidneys.

Summary

Cetirizine is a proven allergy medication and is considered well-tolerated. However, side effects such as fatigue, headaches, gastrointestinal discomfort, or dry mouth can occur. Rare but serious side effects require immediate medical attention. Cetirizine can generally be used safely if you pay attention to interactions and follow the dosage recommendations.

You can find more information about cetirizine in our article Cetirizine for allergies – and why probiotics such as LP-33 and GMNL-133 can be a natural alternative

As with all medications, if you experience unusual symptoms or are unsure about anything, you should always consult your doctor or pharmacist.