Dust mite allergies affect many people – and usually not just seasonally, but year-round. Especially in their own homes, where dust mites find ideal habitat, those affected suffer from symptoms such as a stuffy nose, watery eyes, or nighttime coughing. Because the symptoms often begin gradually, diagnosis is often difficult. In this article, you'll learn everything you need to know about dust mite allergies – from triggers and typical symptoms to effective treatment and prevention strategies.
What is a mite allergy?
Dust mite allergy is one of the most common year-round allergies worldwide. It is not triggered directly by the house dust mites themselves, but rather by certain protein components in their excretions. These allergenic particles mix with the house dust, are inhaled, and trigger an immune reaction in susceptible individuals.
House dust mites are microscopic arachnids that prefer warm, humid environments—such as beds, upholstered furniture, carpets, and stuffed animals. Their main food source: human skin flakes.
Symptoms of a mite allergy
Symptoms typically occur year-round, but can worsen during the wetter and colder months when people spend more time indoors. The most common symptoms include:
-
Blocked or runny nose (chronic rhinitis)
-
Sneezing fits
-
Itchy, watery or red eyes
-
Cough, especially at night or in the morning
-
Asthma-like symptoms such as shortness of breath or wheezing
-
Sleep disorders and daytime fatigue
In children, a mite allergy can also often lead to recurring respiratory diseases or middle ear infections.
How is a dust mite allergy diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually involves an allergist. The following procedures are typically used:
-
Anamnesis: Recording of symptoms and their occurrence.
-
Prick test: Applying a mite allergen to the skin to test for a reaction.
-
Blood test: Detection of specific IgE antibodies against mites.
-
Provocation test: Controlled confrontation with the allergen (only under medical supervision).
Treatment options
Acute treatment with medication
Various medications are available to relieve symptoms:
-
Antihistamines (tablets, drops)
-
Nasal sprays containing cortisone
-
Eye drops for itching and redness
-
Asthma sprays for breathing difficulties
These medications relieve symptoms but do not address the cause.
Specific immunotherapy (hyposensitization)
This causal therapy is intended to accustom the immune system to the allergen over the long term. Small amounts of the mite allergen are administered regularly over a period of approximately three years – either as an injection or as drops/tablets placed under the tongue. The success rate is 70–90%.
Mite allergy: Tips for prevention and allergen reduction
The most important measure is to reduce the mite load in the living environment:
Optimize your bedroom
-
Encasings : Allergen-proof covers for mattresses, pillows and duvets.
-
Washing at 60 °C : Wash bed linen at least every two weeks.
-
Clean or replace mattresses regularly .
-
Cool temperatures : Keep bedrooms below 18°C if possible.
Dust and air quality
-
Regular vacuuming with HEPA filter.
-
Wet wiping instead of dry dusting.
-
Air purifiers with HEPA filters can also help.
More tips
-
Reduce carpets and upholstered furniture or clean them regularly.
-
Freeze stuffed animals regularly (at least 24 hours) and wash them.
-
No pets in the bedroom as they can spread mites.
Mite allergy in children
Children are particularly sensitive to house dust mites. An untreated dust mite allergy can lead to the development of allergic asthma. Therefore, early diagnosis and allergen avoidance are especially important. Parents should pay attention to symptoms such as frequent colds, coughs, or difficulty concentrating.
Probiotics to support the immune system
More and more studies show that the gut plays a central role in a balanced immune system. Probiotics – live microorganisms – can help stabilize the balance of intestinal flora and regulate overactive immune reactions. Especially in allergic diseases such as dust mite allergy, a healthy intestinal flora can help calm the immune system and reduce inflammation.
Conclusion
Dust mite allergies are unpleasant, but can be easily managed with consistent allergen avoidance, appropriate medication, and, if necessary, immunotherapy. Reducing allergen exposure in the bedroom is particularly important. Understanding the causes and taking active countermeasures can significantly improve your quality of life and prevent long-term complications.
