Hay fever is a recurring, often annoying problem for many people. The allergy to pollen released into the air by trees, grasses and herbs can cause a variety of symptoms. These include sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, itchy eyes and even breathing problems. But when does hay fever season actually start? The answer to this question is not always easy, as pollen season depends on several factors. In this article, we will take a closer look at what causes hay fever, when pollen season starts, how long it lasts and what differences there are in different regions and seasons.
What is hay fever and how does it arise?
Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is a hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system to pollen that enters the respiratory tract. The pollen is produced by trees, grasses and other plants and can be found in increased amounts in the air during flowering season. When these pollen are inhaled, an immunological reaction occurs in allergy sufferers: the immune system recognises the pollen as "intruders" and produces antibodies (particularly immunoglobulin E), which in turn activate certain cells. This releases substances such as histamine, which cause the well-known allergy symptoms.
Factors that influence the onset of hay fever season
Pollen season varies depending on geographical location, plant species and even daily weather conditions. Here are some of the main factors that affect when hay fever season starts:
- Geographical location : In warmer regions, the pollen season usually begins earlier. In the south of Germany, the pollen season can therefore start earlier than in the cooler north.
- Weather conditions : Milder winters cause some plants to flower earlier and therefore release pollen earlier. A warm and humid spring also speeds up this process, while a cold winter can delay the pollen season.
- Plant species : Each plant species has its specific flowering time. For example, hazel and alder flower in early spring, while grasses and herbs such as mugwort tend to release pollen in summer or early autumn.
- Climate change : In recent years, the flowering times of many plant species have shifted due to climate change. This has sometimes lengthened the pollen season, and many allergy sufferers feel the effects over a longer period of time.
Beginning and Duration of the Pollen Season by Plant Species
Early bloomers: January to April
- Hazel and alder are the first trees that can bloom as early as January or February, especially in mild winters.
- These early bloomers are often the first to cause hay fever symptoms. The hazel flowering period can extend into March, while alder pollen can be felt into April.
High season: May to July
- Birch , beech , oak and many grasses flower in spring and early summer, mainly between May and July.
- Birch in particular is one of the main allergens and is a challenge for many allergy sufferers. Grasses are particularly problematic and can trigger hay fever almost all summer long.
Late bloomers: July to October
- In the later summer months, mugwort , ragweed and some herbs bloom.
- Ragweed is one of the most potent allergens and an invasive plant that is spreading more and more. Its pollen is particularly aggressive and can cause severe symptoms even in small quantities.
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Typical symptoms of hay fever allergy
The symptoms of pollen allergy can vary greatly and often depend on which pollen is in the air and how intense the pollen count is. The most common symptoms include:
- sneezing, often in series
- Itchy, red or watery eyes
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Itching in the nose, throat or ears
- Tiredness and fatigue, as the allergic reaction puts a strain on the body
- Asthmatic symptoms (in some people, hay fever can develop into allergic asthma)
ways to relieve symptoms
Fortunately, there are numerous ways to relieve the symptoms of hay fever. Here are some tips and tricks:
- Medications : Antihistamines and cortisone nasal sprays are effective for many people. These medications block the release of histamine and reduce inflammatory responses in the body.
- Hyposensitization : A long-term therapy that slowly accustoms the immune system to the allergen. This treatment may last for several years, but results in significant relief of symptoms in many people.
- Use the pollen forecast : There are various apps and websites that show the current pollen count. This makes it easier to plan outdoor activities and avoid days with high pollen levels.
- Protect your home : Closing windows during peak pollen season, wearing sunglasses outdoors, and washing hair and clothes regularly can reduce exposure.
- Natural remedies : In mild cases, natural remedies such as chamomile tea, eyebright drops or nasal douches can provide relief.
- Probiotics : Probiotics can be used very effectively to treat hay fever. In particular, the two probiotic strains Lactobacillus paracasei LP-33 and GMNL-133 have been shown in clinical studies to be as effective as an antihistamine and have no side effects.
Conclusion: The hay fever season – a variable start time with many influences
The start of the hay fever season depends on many factors and varies depending on the type of plant, region and climatic conditions. While early bloomers such as hazel and alder can trigger the first symptoms as early as January or February, the main flowering period for most trees and grasses only begins in spring and early summer. For many people, however, the hay fever season can extend into autumn, particularly due to aggressive late bloomers such as ragweed.
To minimize symptoms, it is advisable to prepare for pollen season and take appropriate precautions. Drug treatments, pollen forecasts and daily adjustments can help to control symptoms and maintain quality of life even during allergy season.
Hay fever is a challenge that affects more and more people. However, with a good understanding of the pollen season and the right precautions, you can get through this time well and still enjoy the beautiful sides of spring and summer.
