Citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, limes, tangerines, and grapefruit are part of many people's daily diets – whether as juice, fresh fruit, food flavoring, or as an ingredient in cosmetics. But what is healthy and refreshing for most people can be a real problem for others: a citrus fruit allergy.
What is a citrus allergy?
A citrus allergy is a hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system to certain proteins or ingredients found in citrus fruits. This can be a classic food allergy or a pseudoallergic reaction . The difference: While in a true allergy, the immune system produces specific antibodies (IgE) against components of the fruit, in a pseudoallergic reaction, those affected react to certain chemical compounds such as histamine, salicylates, or essential oils – but without the involvement of the immune system.
Typical symptoms of a citrus allergy
The symptoms of a citrus fruit allergy can vary greatly depending on individual sensitivity, the type of fruit, the preparation method, and the amount consumed. Common signs include:
Skin reactions
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itching
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Redness
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Hives (urticaria)
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Eczema, especially in the mouth area
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Contact dermatitis (direct skin contact with the juice or peel)
Gastrointestinal complaints
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nausea
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abdominal pain
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Flatulence
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Diarrhea
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Vomit
Respiratory symptoms
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Sneeze
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Cough
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runny or blocked nose
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Shortness of breath or asthma attacks (rare, but possible)
Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS)
Especially in people with pollen allergies , such as those to grass or birch, a so-called oral allergy syndrome can occur. In this case, the immune system also reacts to similarly structured proteins in citrus fruits. Typical symptoms:
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Tingling or burning on the tongue, lips and palate
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Swelling in the mouth
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Itching in the throat
Severe allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock)
These are extremely rare with citrus fruits, but theoretically possible—especially if there is a cross-allergy with other highly allergenic foods. Symptoms include:
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shortness of breath
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Circulatory collapse
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Swelling in the larynx area
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unconsciousness
Possible causes and triggers
Citrus fruits contain a variety of potential allergens:
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Proteins (e.g. Cit s 1 in oranges)
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Essential oils in the peel (e.g. limonene)
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Fruit acids
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Preservatives or pesticide residues on imported fruits
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Salicylates , which occur naturally in many fruits
Processed products such as fruit juices, jams, sweets or flavored cosmetics (shower gel, lip balm, etc.) can also cause reactions.
Diagnosis: How do you recognize a citrus allergy?
If you suspect you have an allergy to citrus fruits, you should consult an allergist. Possible diagnostic steps include:
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Anamnesis : Discussion about symptoms, temporal context, eating habits
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Prick test : skin test for reaction to various allergens
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Blood test : detection of specific IgE antibodies
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Provocation test (under medical supervision): controlled administration of small amounts to check the reaction
What to do if you have a citrus allergy?
Avoiding triggers
The most important step is to consistently avoid problematic fruits and products – even in hidden form.
Reading labels
Citrus flavors or extracts are found in many foods and care products.
Everyday help
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Antihistamines for mild reactions
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Emergency kit with adrenaline auto-injector for severe allergies
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Food diary for self-observation
Consider cross-allergies
People who are allergic to citrus fruits sometimes also react to other fruits such as kiwi, pineapple or strawberries – this should also be kept in mind.
Conclusion: Citrus fruit allergy – annoying, but usually well controlled
A citrus allergy can manifest itself in a variety of symptoms – from skin rashes to breathing difficulties. Although it can be life-limiting, it can be easily managed with a precise diagnosis, avoidance of triggers, and, if necessary, medication. Those affected should listen to their body, be careful with food, and seek medical advice if they have any concerns.
