An allergic reaction usually comes on suddenly: itchy eyes, red hives, shortness of breath, or a swollen face – a frightening moment for many sufferers. What's particularly insidious is that one often doesn't even know what triggered the allergy attack. This makes it all the more important to know what really helps in such a situation.
In this article, you will learn what helps quickly in the event of an allergic reaction , which medications should be used in an emergency, which home remedies are helpful – and how you can protect yourself in the long term.
How do I recognize an allergic reaction?
An allergic reaction is an overreaction of the immune system to an otherwise harmless substance (allergen). Typical symptoms include:
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Rash, itching or hives
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Redness and swelling
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Sneezing, runny nose, difficulty breathing
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Gastrointestinal problems (in case of food allergies)
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Dizziness or circulatory problems
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In severe cases: Anaphylactic shock (emergency!)
Symptoms often begin within minutes of contact with the allergen and can escalate quickly – quick action is therefore crucial.
Immediate measures in case of acute allergic reaction
Interrupt contact with the allergen
The most important step: Avoid or remove the allergen.
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In case of skin contact (e.g. through cosmetics, latex): Rinse skin with clean water.
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In case of insect bite: remove sting, keep cool.
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If food reaction occurs: Stop eating and rinse mouth.
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If you experience a drug reaction, stop taking it immediately.
Take an antihistamine
Antihistamines are medications that block the effects of histamine – the messenger substance responsible for allergic symptoms.
Fast-acting antihistamines:
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Cetirizine
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Loratadine
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Dimetindene (Fenistil)
These are available over the counter at pharmacies and take effect within 30 to 60 minutes.
Cool skin and eyes
Cold has a decongestant, anti-itch and calming effect.
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Cool compresses, wet washcloths or gel packs
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Eye drops for itchy, watery eyes (preferably anti-allergic)
If you have difficulty breathing: Call emergency services (112)
If symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, or difficulty swallowing occur, life-threatening situations may occur. In this case, immediately:
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Call 112
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Use emergency kit (if available)
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Lie flat, legs up
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If unconscious: place in the recovery position
Emergency medication
Antihistamines (oral or as drops/gel)
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Effective against rash, itching, cold
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Effect begins after about 30 minutes
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Common products: Cetirizine, Lorano, Fenistil
Cortisone preparations
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In case of severe skin reactions or breathing difficulties
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E.g. prednisolone tablets or creams
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Anti-inflammatory, immunoregulating
Adrenaline auto-injector (Epipen)
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Only in the case of severe reactions (anaphylactic shock)
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Prescription only, application requires practice
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Belongs to the emergency kit in case of known severe allergy
Home remedies to relieve mild symptoms
For mild reactions, some home remedies can help:
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Quark wrap : anti-inflammatory, cooling for skin irritations
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Aloe Vera Gel : Soothes skin rashes
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Saline solution (nasal rinse) : For pollen allergy to clean the mucous membranes
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Chamomile tea (cold) : As a compress for swollen eyes (only if you are not allergic to chamomile!)
Important: Home remedies do not replace medical therapy for severe reactions!
Allergic reactions in children – what to do?
Children often react more sensitively and quickly than adults. Immediate help:
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Remove allergen source
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Give antihistamine in age-appropriate dosage
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Cool immediately in case of insect bites
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In case of shortness of breath or circulatory problems: call emergency services immediately
Parents of children at risk of allergies should always have an emergency kit with them and instruct educators, teachers or caregivers accordingly.
How can an allergic reaction be avoided in the future?
Long-term strategies:
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Allergen avoidance : e.g. mite-proof covers, use low-pollen times, read food labels carefully
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Have an allergy test done : at an allergist or family doctor
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Hyposensitization : Immunotherapy for permanent reduction of allergies
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Probiotics to strengthen the immune system : Support the intestinal flora, especially in cases of atopic dermatitis and pollen allergy
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Medication for prevention : For example, in the case of seasonal pollen allergy, start with antihistamines early
Conclusion: Quick action saves lives
An allergic reaction can be harmless or life-threatening. It's crucial to recognize the signs early and respond appropriately. Knowing what to do—whether through an emergency kit, quick medication, or simple home remedies—can prevent or alleviate many symptoms. If you have known allergies, good preparation is essential. And knowing your triggers can actively prevent them with targeted measures.
