Inflammation of the gums, medically known as gingivitis, is one of the most common dental problems and, if left untreated, can have serious consequences for dental health. Symptoms range from mild bleeding of the gums to painful swelling. However, with the right measures, inflammation can often be brought under control quickly. In this article, we discuss the causes, symptoms and the most effective treatment methods.
What is gingivitis?
Gingivitis is caused by the accumulation of bacteria in plaque along the gum line. If these bacteria are not regularly removed through thorough oral hygiene, they can irritate and inflame the gum tissue. The inflammatory process usually starts mildly (gingivitis) and, if left untreated, can progress to a more severe form called periodontitis.
Causes of gingivitis
There are several factors that promote gingivitis:
- Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing and lack of flossing lead to plaque accumulation and promote gum disease.
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during pregnancy or menopause, can make gums more sensitive and increase the risk of inflammation.
- Smoking: Smoking reduces blood flow to the gum tissue and promotes the accumulation of bacteria.
- Medications: Some medications can cause dry mouth as a side effect or impair saliva production, which makes it easier for bacteria to grow.
- Nutrition: A deficiency in important vitamins, especially vitamin C, can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of inflammation.
- Stress: Stress weakens the immune system and impairs the body's ability to fight infections.
symptoms of gingivitis
Gingivitis is characterized by several typical symptoms, including:
- redness and swelling of the gums
- Bleeding when brushing or flossing
- Sensitive or painful gums
- Bad breath caused by bacterial deposits
- Receding gums (recession)
If these symptoms occur, it is advisable to act quickly and possibly consult a dentist to avoid worsening.
First Aid: Home Remedies for Gingivitis
Home remedies can often provide quick relief and support healing for mild gingivitis:
- Salt water rinse: Salt has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. A rinse made from half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of lukewarm water helps reduce bacteria in the mouth. Use two to three times a day.
- Chamomile tea: Chamomile has an anti-inflammatory effect and can support healing when used as a mouthwash. Simply boil the tea, let it cool and rinse your mouth with it several times a day.
- Coconut oil or sesame oil (oil pulling): Oil pulling is an ancient practice that involves moving a tablespoon of oil (such as coconut or sesame oil) around in the mouth to remove bacteria. Especially when used in the morning on an empty stomach, it can reduce inflammation and strengthen gums.
- Aloe Vera Gel: Aloe Vera is known for its healing properties. The gel can be applied directly to the gums to reduce inflammation and promote healing.
- Clove oil: Clove oil has analgesic and antibacterial properties. A drop of clove oil applied to inflamed gums can relieve pain. Use with caution and do not apply too much as the oil is very strong.
Medical treatment options
If the gingivitis is more severe or does not respond to home remedies, the following medical treatments may be necessary:
- Professional teeth cleaning: Regular teeth cleaning at the dentist helps to remove plaque and tartar and thus reduce inflammation. This thorough cleaning also reaches areas that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush.
- Antibacterial mouthwashes: The dentist may prescribe antibacterial mouthwashes or gels that inhibit the growth of bacteria. These products often contain chlorhexidine, which is effective against gingivitis.
- Gum ointments or gels: Ointments and gels containing antibacterial agents such as chlorhexidine or special essential oils can be applied directly to the gums to aid healing.
- Laser treatment: In cases of advanced gingivitis or periodontitis, laser treatment can specifically treat the inflamed areas and curb bacterial growth. This method is relatively gentle and painless.
- Scaling and root planing: These are deep tooth cleanings in which bacterial plaque is removed below the gum line and the tooth roots are smoothed. These measures are particularly important in cases of chronic gingivitis and periodontitis.
Probiotics and Gingivitis
Probiotics are becoming increasingly important in dental care because they can positively influence the balance of the oral flora. A healthy oral flora helps to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria that are responsible for gingivitis. Certain probiotic bacterial strains, such as Streptococcus salivarius M18, have been shown to reduce inflammatory bacteria in the mouth and strengthen the gums. Regular intake of probiotic supplements or probiotic dental care products can therefore help prevent and relieve gingivitis. Some dentists recommend combining probiotics with good oral hygiene to support healing and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Prevention: How to protect yourself from gingivitis
Prevention is the best way to avoid gum disease and maintain long-term oral health. The following measures are recommended:
- Brush your teeth regularly: Brush your teeth at least twice a day to effectively remove plaque. An electric toothbrush can provide a more thorough cleaning than a manual toothbrush.
- Use dental floss or interdental brushes: Bacteria and food particles often get stuck between the teeth and cannot be reached with a toothbrush. Therefore, it is important to use dental floss or interdental brushes.
- Mouthwashes: An antibacterial mouthwash can also support gum health and is especially useful for people with sensitive gums.
- Regular check-ups at the dentist: You should visit the dentist at least once a year for a check-up and to have your teeth professionally cleaned.
- Healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in vitamins, especially vitamin C, and minerals supports the immune system and helps prevent inflammation.
- Avoid smoking: Smoking promotes gum disease and impairs the ability of the gums to heal. Giving up tobacco can significantly improve oral health.
When to go to the dentist?
Mild gum inflammation can often be treated with home remedies and good oral hygiene. However, if there is no improvement or the symptoms worsen, a visit to the dentist is highly recommended. The following symptoms in particular require medical attention:
- Severe pain and swelling
- Persistent bleeding gums
- receding gums
- Loose teeth
- pus formation at the gum line
An early visit to the dentist can prevent simple gingivitis from becoming serious periodontitis, which causes lasting damage to the periodontal ligament.
Conclusion
Although gingivitis is common, it can be treated and prevented with proper oral hygiene and early action. Regular dental care, a healthy diet and not smoking are the basic building blocks for healthy gums. If symptoms persist or if home remedies do not help, a visit to the dentist is essential. This way you can protect the health of your gums in the long term and prevent dental problems.
