Our oral cavity is more than just the first step in the digestive system: it is the first barrier against many pathogens that enter the body via the air we breathe, food or liquids. In this context, probiotic streptococci are increasingly becoming the focus of science. These "good bacteria" are naturally part of the oral flora and perform important protective functions there. But how exactly do probiotic streptococci work, what advantages do they offer and how can they contribute to health? This article highlights the importance of probiotic streptococci as guardians of the first entry point for pathogenic germs.
What are probiotic streptococci?
Streptococci are a genus of spherical bacteria that occur in different species and play a variety of roles in the body. While some of them, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, are pathogens, there are others that play a protective and health-promoting role. Among the particularly interesting ones are the so-called probiotic streptococci, such as Streptococcus salivarius or Streptococcus oralis . These microorganisms colonize the mouth and throat and actively work against harmful germs.
Probiotic streptococci are of interest because – similar to probiotics in the intestine – they can create a balance within the oral flora through various mechanisms and inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.
The function of probiotic streptococci in the oral flora
The oral flora is a complex ecosystem made up of a wide variety of microorganisms. This ecosystem is vital for the overall health of the mouth and protects us from infections. However, when the balance within this flora is disturbed, it can lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria that cause diseases such as tooth decay, periodontitis or sore throat.
Probiotic streptococci contribute to the health of the oral flora in several ways:
- Competition for resources : Probiotic streptococci compete with potentially harmful germs for space and nutrients. In doing so, they prevent disease-causing bacteria from multiplying unhindered.
- Production of antimicrobial substances : Some probiotic streptococci produce substances called bacteriocins - substances that act specifically against other bacteria. These antimicrobial substances can inhibit or even kill harmful bacteria without harming the good bacteria in their environment.
- Boosting the immune system : Probiotic bacteria also interact with the immune system and can stimulate the body's natural defenses. They stimulate the production of antibodies that help fight infections.
The importance of the first entry point for the immune system
The mouth is the first entry point for many germs. Pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or fungi can enter the body via the respiratory tract or through food. A strengthened and balanced oral flora acts as a natural barrier that prevents these pathogens from taking hold and causing an infection.
Probiotic streptococci play a key role, especially in respiratory infections or sore throats. Studies show that certain probiotic streptococci can reduce the frequency and severity of upper respiratory tract infections. A good example is Streptococcus salivarius K12, which specifically targets pathogens in the throat and can prevent infections there.
The role of probiotic streptococci in the prevention of infections
One of the most important properties of probiotic streptococci is their ability to actively fight pathogenic streptococci and other pathogens. Studies have shown that certain probiotic strains can reduce the risk of ear, nose and throat infections, including:
- Sore throats and pharyngitis : Probiotic streptococci such as S. salivarius have been shown to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes , the main cause of bacterial sore throats.
- Middle ear infections : Probiotic streptococci have also proven effective in the prevention of middle ear infections (otitis media). These infections occur particularly frequently in children and are often associated with respiratory infections.
- Oral health and caries prevention : By inhibiting harmful bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, probiotic streptococci help prevent caries.
Another interesting area of research is the use of probiotic streptococci to assist in the treatment of bad breath. Since bad breath is often caused by bacteria that produce sulfur compounds, probiotic streptococci that suppress these bacteria could help reduce bad breath.
Probiotic streptococci in practice – How can they be used?
Probiotic streptococci are now available in various products, including lozenges, mouthwashes or toothpastes. However, there are a few things to consider for effective use:
- Regular use : Since probiotic streptococci are not permanently established bacteria, regular use is important. This is the only way to ensure that they develop their positive effects.
- Specific bacterial strains : The effectiveness of probiotic products depends largely on the bacterial strain used. The strain S. salivarius K12, which has a specific effect against throat infections, is particularly well researched.
- Side effects and safety : Probiotic streptococci are considered safe and well tolerated. Side effects are rare and are usually limited to mild gastrointestinal complaints in sensitive individuals.
The Future of Probiotic Streptococci – New Directions in Research
Research into probiotic streptococci is still in its early stages, but the results so far are promising. For example, research is being carried out into how probiotic streptococci in combination with other probiotics could have a positive effect on the immune system. The development of new products that can release the probiotic streptococci stably and effectively is also an exciting area.
Another research approach is the genetic modification of probiotic streptococci to increase their effectiveness against specific pathogens or to adapt them to the individual needs of the human microbiome.
Conclusion
Probiotic streptococci are fascinating microorganisms that act as guardians of the first entry point for pathogenic germs and play an important role in oral health and immune defense. They can prevent infections, support the immune system and promote the natural balance of the oral flora. Their versatile applications and potential for the future make them an exciting area of research with great benefits for the prevention and treatment of infections of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity.
