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Neurodermatitis cause: Which factors play a role?

Neurodermitits Ursache

Neurodermatitis, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry skin, severe itching and eczema. But what are the causes of this disease? Researchers assume that a combination of genetic, immunological and environmental factors contribute to its development. In this article, we take a detailed look at the possible causes and influencing factors of neurodermatitis.

Genetic predisposition

One of the main causes of atopic dermatitis is a genetic predisposition. Studies show that children whose parents suffer from atopic diseases such as asthma, hay fever or atopic dermatitis have a higher risk of also being affected. A central gene in this context is the filaggrin gene , which is responsible for the skin barrier. Mutations in this gene lead to a disturbed skin protective function, making the skin more vulnerable to external stimuli.

immune system and inflammation

The immune system plays a crucial role in the development of neurodermatitis. In those affected, the immune system reacts oversensitively to harmless environmental factors and triggers inflammatory reactions. This leads to an imbalance between certain immune cells, particularly TH2 cells, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. This excessive immune response leads to skin redness, itching and eczema.

environmental factors and allergens

External factors can influence the occurrence and intensity of atopic dermatitis attacks. The most important environmental factors include:

  • Allergens : Dust mites, pollen, animal hair and certain foods can aggravate neurodermatitis.
  • Climate : Cold, dry weather or sudden changes in temperature can further irritate the skin.
  • Air pollution : Pollutants in the air can further weaken the skin barrier and promote inflammation.

Psychological factors and stress

Psychological stress and emotional strain are also significant triggers for neurodermatitis flare-ups. Stress can affect the immune system and increase skin sensitivity. In children in particular, emotional stress caused by school or family pressures can lead to a worsening of skin symptoms.

Nutrition and intestinal flora

Diet can play a major role in atopic dermatitis. Certain foods such as dairy products, nuts or wheat can trigger intolerances, which in turn increase inflammatory reactions in the skin. In addition, recent research shows that a disturbed intestinal flora (microbiome) could be linked to atopic dermatitis. An unbalanced intestinal flora can impair the immune system and promote inflammatory processes.

skin barrier and moisture loss

Another key element is the skin barrier. People with atopic dermatitis have a weakened skin barrier that cannot retain moisture sufficiently. This causes the skin to dry out more quickly, become cracked and can be penetrated more easily by bacteria or allergens. A defective skin barrier further increases itching and inflammation.

Conclusion

Neurodermatitis is a complex disease with multiple causes. A genetic predisposition, an overactive immune system, environmental factors, psychological stress and a weakened skin barrier all play a crucial role. While the disease cannot be cured, targeted treatment and lifestyle adjustments can help alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of those affected. A better understanding of the causes makes it possible to develop individual strategies for prevention and treatment.