The oral flora, also known as the oral microbiome, is a diverse community of microorganisms that live in the oral cavity. It performs an important function for oral health and general well-being. However, when the balance of the oral flora is disturbed, various symptoms and complaints can occur that not only affect the oral cavity, but can also have an impact on the entire body. In this blog article, we will look at the most common symptoms of a disturbed oral flora, their causes and provide tips for prevention and treatment.
What is oral flora and why is it important?
The oral flora consists of billions of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms that live in saliva, on the tongue, gums and teeth. These microorganisms form a delicate balance between beneficial and potentially harmful germs. A healthy oral flora protects against:
- Infections : It prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
- Inflammation : It supports the immune system in fighting inflammation in the mouth.
- Caries and periodontitis : The balance of the oral flora plays a key role in preventing dental diseases.
Causes of a disturbed oral flora
An imbalance of the oral flora can be caused by various factors, including:
- Unhealthy diet : Foods rich in sugar and carbohydrates promote the growth of harmful bacteria.
- Poor oral hygiene : Inadequate brushing and lack of dental flossing promote the formation of plaque and bacterial growth.
- Antibiotics : Antibiotics not only destroy pathogens but also beneficial bacteria, which upsets the balance of the oral flora.
- Stress : Long-term stress weakens the immune system and can affect the bacterial balance in the mouth.
- Smoking : Tobacco products have a negative effect on the composition of the oral flora and promote inflammatory processes.
- Hormonal changes : Pregnancy, menopause or hormonal contraceptives can alter the balance of the oral flora.
Symptoms of a disturbed oral flora
A disturbed oral flora often manifests itself through various symptoms, which can range from mild discomfort to serious problems:
- bad breath (halitosis)
An unpleasant smell from the mouth is often one of the first signs of a disturbed oral flora. It is caused by the decomposition of food residues by anaerobic bacteria, which release sulfur compounds.
- gum inflammation (gingivitis)
Redness, swelling and bleeding of the gums are common symptoms caused by the overgrowth of harmful bacteria.
- tooth sensitivity and tooth decay
Damaged oral flora can attack tooth enamel, leading to tooth decay and increased sensitivity to hot, cold or sweet foods.
- White coating on the tongue
A whitish or yellowish coating on the tongue often indicates a fungal infection (e.g. Candida albicans), which can develop when there is an imbalance in the oral flora.
- dry mouth (xerostomia)
Disturbed saliva production negatively affects the oral flora and leads to dryness in the mouth, which in turn increases the risk of infections and tooth decay.
- mouth ulcers and aphthous ulcers
Recurring painful ulcers or aphthous ulcers in the mouth can also indicate a disturbed oral flora and a weakened immune system.
- digestive problems
Since the oral flora is closely linked to the digestive system, a disturbed oral flora and poor digestion can go hand in hand. An increased presence of harmful bacteria can affect the intestinal flora and lead to flatulence, diarrhea or constipation.
diagnosis
The diagnosis of a disturbed oral flora is usually made by a dentist or a specialized oral hygienist. Possible examinations include:
- Visual inspection : Check for visible symptoms such as gingivitis or tongue coating.
- Saliva tests : Analysis of saliva to determine the bacterial profile.
- Microbiological tests : identification of specific bacteria or fungi.
treatment options
- Improve oral hygiene : Regular brushing, flossing and mouthwashes with antibacterial agents help to restore the balance of the oral flora.
- Probiotics : Special oral flora probiotics can rebuild beneficial bacteria.
- Change in diet : A low-sugar, high-fiber diet supports the natural balance of bacteria.
- Avoiding harmful substances : Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption promotes healthy oral flora.
- Professional teeth cleaning : Regular visits to the dentist to remove plaque and tartar are essential.
Prevention: How to keep your oral flora healthy
- Regular dental care : Brush and floss twice a day.
- Stay hydrated : Drink plenty of water to stimulate saliva production.
- Take probiotics : Probiotic foods such as yogurt or special dietary supplements support the oral microbiome. Probiotics for use in the mouth are an effective alternative to keep the oral flora healthy.
- Avoid sugar : Reduce your consumption of sugar and sweetened drinks.
- Regular dental visits : Early detection and prevention of problems are crucial.
Conclusion
Disturbed oral flora can manifest itself in a variety of symptoms and should not be taken lightly. Proper care of the oral cavity, a balanced diet and avoiding harmful habits are crucial to maintaining the balance of the oral flora. If symptoms persist, a visit to the dentist is advisable to clarify possible causes and initiate targeted treatment. This will not only protect your oral health, but also promote your general well-being.
