Canker sores are painful, inflammatory lesions in the oral mucosa that affect many people regularly. They can significantly impair quality of life by making eating, drinking, and speaking difficult. While the exact cause of canker sores is not fully understood, factors such as the immune system, the oral microbiome, and genetic predispositions play a role. One promising approach to preventing and treating canker sores is the use of probiotics, particularly Streptococcus salivarius M18. This article explores the causes of canker sores and how this specific probiotic can help.
What are canker sores?
Aphthous ulcers, medically known as aphthous stomatitis, are small, round or oval ulcers with a white or yellowish center and a red border. They usually occur on the oral mucosa, tongue, lips, or throat and are not contagious. The most common types are:
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Small canker sores (minor canker sores): These usually heal within 7–10 days and are less than 1 cm in size.
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Large canker sores (major canker sores): These are larger, deeper and can persist for several weeks.
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Herpetiform ulcers: These occur in groups and resemble cold sores, but are not caused by the herpes virus.
Causes and risk factors of canker sores
Although the exact cause is not clearly determined, there are several factors that can contribute to the development of canker sores:
Immune system and genetic predisposition
An overactive immune system can mistakenly attack healthy cells in the oral mucosa, leading to the development of canker sores. People with a family history of canker sores are often more susceptible.
Nutritional deficiencies
Deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin B12, iron, zinc and folic acid, can increase the risk of canker sores.
Hormonal influences
Many women report more frequent canker sores during their menstruation or pregnancy, which indicates hormonal fluctuations.
Stress and psychological strain
Stress can weaken the immune system and promote inflammatory processes in the body, which promotes canker sores.
Food intolerances and allergies
Certain foods, such as chocolate, nuts, citrus fruits or spicy foods, can trigger mouth ulcers in sensitive people.
Injuries to the oral mucosa
Mechanical irritation from sharp edges of toothbrushes, braces or hard foods can cause small injuries that develop into canker sores.
Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome
An imbalance in the bacterial flora of the oral cavity can promote inflammation and mouth ulcers. This is where the probiotic approach comes in.
How can Streptococcus salivarius M18 help?
Streptococcus salivarius M18 is a probiotic bacterium that occurs naturally in the oral cavity and offers numerous health benefits.
Promoting a healthy oral microbiome
By colonizing the oral mucosa, Streptococcus salivarius M18 displaces potentially harmful bacteria that may be associated with mouth ulcers. A balanced microbiota can reduce inflammation and promote mucosal regeneration.
Production of antimicrobial substances
Streptococcus salivarius M18 produces enzymes such as salivaricin A and B, which inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. This helps maintain a healthy bacterial balance and can prevent the development of mouth ulcers.
Modulation of the immune system
Studies show that Streptococcus salivarius M18 has anti-inflammatory properties and can regulate the immune system. It can therefore reduce excessive immune reactions that promote canker sores.
Promote wound healing
A healthy microbiome supports the regeneration of the oral mucosa. By producing certain enzymes, Streptococcus salivarius M18 contributes to faster repair of damaged tissue.
Reduction of bad oral flora
In addition to mouth ulcers, a disturbed oral flora can also lead to tooth decay, gum disease, and bad breath. Streptococcus salivarius M18 helps to positively influence bacterial diversity and reduce pathogenic germs.
Application and dosage
Streptococcus salivarius M18 is available in lozenge form. The recommended dosage is typically one lozenge per day. For optimal results, the probiotic should be taken regularly for several weeks.
Combination with other measures
For holistic prevention and treatment of canker sores, Streptococcus salivarius M18 can be combined with other measures:
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A vitamin-rich diet to avoid deficiencies
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Stress management through relaxation techniques
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Avoid irritating foods
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Gentle dental care to avoid mechanical injuries
Conclusion
Canker sores can be caused by many factors, but the oral microbiome plays a central role. Streptococcus salivarius M18 offers a promising probiotic approach for prevention and treatment. Through its antimicrobial properties, immune system regulation, and oral health promotion, this probiotic can help reduce canker sores and stabilize the oral flora. Regular intake, combined with a healthy lifestyle, can help minimize the occurrence of canker sores in the long term.
